There are several options for Atlassian hosting. Server, Data Center or even directly in the Atlassian Cloud. One of these options is to host Atlassian software directly in the cloud.
Deploying Atlassian Software with AWS and Spinnaker - Part 3 Project Management & DNS
Also in cloud hosting of Atlassian software with AWS or Spinnaker, it makes sense to have dedicated project and user management. For Kubernetes, there are